CO₂ Science

Where Proven Biology Meets Professional Recovery

AEIR products are built on decades of peer-reviewed research into carbon dioxide therapy. Across vascular health, wound healing, sports performance, and post-surgical recovery, CO₂ has been shown to safely improve circulation, enhance oxygen delivery, and accelerate tissue repair. On this page, you’ll find published studies and clinical papers that validate the science behind both our dry CO₂ systems and our patented CO₂ Renew Paste.
Dry CO₂ Therapy

Systemic and Targeted Recovery

Dry CO₂ therapy works by surrounding the body, or a specific limb, with a controlled environment of carbon dioxide. When absorbed through the skin, CO₂ increases the partial pressure of the gas in tissue, triggering vasodilation and activating the Bohr Effect. This allows more oxygen to be released into muscles, joints, and connective tissue — improving microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and supporting systemic recovery.
Shop Dry CO2
CO₂ Renew Paste

Patented, All-in-One Solution

Unlike generic creams or balms, CO₂ Renew Paste uses a patented Japanese delivery system that generates CO₂ directly in the skin. This creates a localized “CO₂ reservoir” within the stratum corneum, allowing for deeper absorption and measurable physiological effects. The result is targeted relief that supports both muscle recovery and skin health — all without devices, cylinders, or clinic visits.
Shop Renew
Dry CO₂ Therapy

Systemic and Targeted Recovery

Dry CO₂ therapy works by surrounding the body, or a specific limb, with a controlled environment of carbon dioxide. When absorbed through the skin, CO₂ increases the partial pressure of the gas in tissue, triggering vasodilation and activating the Bohr Effect. This allows more oxygen to be released into muscles, joints, and connective tissue — improving microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and supporting systemic recovery.
Shop Dry CO2
CO₂ Renew Paste

Patented, All-in-One Solution

Unlike generic creams or balms, CO₂ Renew Paste uses a patented Japanese delivery system that generates CO₂ directly in the skin. This creates a localized “CO₂ reservoir” within the stratum corneum, allowing for deeper absorption and measurable physiological effects. The result is targeted relief that supports both muscle recovery and skin health — all without devices, cylinders, or clinic visits.
Shop Renew

Why CO₂

Carbon dioxide is more than what you breathe out — it’s the key that unlocks oxygen delivery and healing inside your body. While oxygen gets all the attention, it’s CO₂ that determines whether that oxygen ever reaches your tissues. By increasing CO₂ in the skin and muscles, AEIR products tap into a proven biological effect that improves circulation, calms inflammation, and accelerates recovery at the cellular level.

The Tissue Response to Hypoxia: How Therapeutic Carbon Dioxide Moves the Response toward Homeostasis and Away from Instability

Shows how CO₂ shifts the body’s response to low oxygen from instability toward balance and recovery.

View Research

A Novel System for Transcutaneous Application of Carbon Dioxide Causing an “Artificial Bohr Effect” in the Human Body

Demonstrates how CO₂ applied through the skin triggers the Bohr Effect, enhancing oxygen release to tissues.

View Research

Transcutaneous application of the gaseous CO2 for improvement of the microvascular function in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Clinical evidence that CO₂ therapy improves microcirculation and healing in patients with chronic wounds.

View Research

Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Attenuates Impaired Oxidative Capacity in Skeletal Muscle in Hyperglycemia Model

Shows how CO₂ improves mitochondrial function and energy use in compromised metabolic states.

View Research

The Effect of Transcutaneous Application of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) on Skeletal Muscle

Provides evidence of improved muscle oxygenation and repair through CO₂ absorption.

View Research

Transcutaneous CO₂ Application Accelerates Muscle Injury Repair in Rat Models

Validates faster muscle recovery and tissue regeneration following injury with CO₂ therapy.

View Research

Increase in Carbon Dioxide Accelerates the Performance of Endurance Exercise in Rats

Demonstrates how CO₂ exposure enhances stamina and exercise performance in preclinical testing.

View Research

The Effect of Dry Carbon Dioxide Bathing on Peripheral Blood Circulation in Patients with Risk Factors of PAD

Human trial showing improved blood flow and vascular health through dry CO₂ therapy.

View Research

Carbon Dioxide Inhibits the Generation of Active Forms of Oxygen in Human and Animal Cells

Highlights CO₂’s role as a direct antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress.

View Research

Effects of the Duration of Transcutaneous CO₂ Application on Fracture Repair in Rats

Indicates that longer CO₂ sessions speed bone healing and repair.

View Research

Increase in Skin Blood Circulation and Oxygen Pressure During CO₂ Water Immersion in Patients with Arterial Occlusive Disease

Controlled study confirming improved circulation and oxygenation with CO₂ immersion therapy.

View Research

Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Improves Contractures After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Shows CO₂’s role in reducing muscle contractures and improving mobility post-injury.

View Research

Transcutaneous CO₂ Application Suppresses Bone Destruction Caused by Breast Cancer Metastasis

Suggests CO₂ therapy protects bone integrity against cancer-driven damage.

View Research

Reoxygenation Using a Novel CO₂ Therapy Decreases the Metastatic Potential of Osteosarcoma Cells

Provides evidence that CO₂ reduces tumor aggressiveness by improving cellular oxygen use.

View Research

Transcutaneous CO₂ Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Suppresses Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vivo

Demonstrates CO₂’s potential role in limiting cancer spread via mitochondrial pathways.

View Research